Category: Computer

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Effects of social media

Technological advancement has brought tremendous changes in the globalizing world. This led to advent of social media. Social media is a platform where you get to interact to persons from all around the globe just sitting at the comfort zone of your place. It helps you to get in touch with each and every person even far away from you.
Social media has both positive as well as negative impact according to the way it is used. Using it in a good way results in positive impact albeit if misused one have to bear aftermath.
Positively usage makes it a better environment for everyone. It can be done by proper utilization of social media in spreading correct information to everyone and creating awareness about the misinformation. Besides using it just to contact our relatives either on facebook, whatsapp or any other social platform , we can use it for making a great move towards an enchanting future.
Social media such as facebook,earns more than a trillion ever year. If it used effectively it helps in generating a platform for businessman to know about their customer needs and demand , to spread correct information on any issue and many more.
So any other social apps if used effectively they helps in getting enormous changes in society improving lifestyle of every section of society.
As it has rightly been said,
"One must think of every aspect of any issue before giving views on the matter."
Negative impact of social media can be rampant. This has caused disenchantment for many youngsters ,if they don't understand its susceptibility. Hackers have their eyes on every activity related to technology. They are cognizant of every activity occurring globally. This can even led to destruction of one's life or all.
Thus it can be concluded to be aware of every aspect of the information spreading over social media and one must be devotedly be positive in any approach.
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Online Class

Globalization leads to many alterations from e-commerce to e-governance and which includes e - classes or online classes.
 
Online classes have initiated after emerging of internet and has begun from you tube but has incessantly evolved globally . Especially after the outbreak of corona virus easing COVID - 19, everyone just want to continue their classes either to teach or to get taught. So,for the ease of everyone , people started online classes.
Formerly , you tube was one of the platform to study online , anyone who wants to grab knowledge on any topic , they can get tutorial for everything on You Tube but it was so inconvenient for the folks to get rid of their doubts. So, then there came into existence applications for android phones to get online classes while having face to face discussion on the matter.
 
So, Online classes brought resilience in the way of learning as well as teaching. One can easily understand any concept by the visuals shown or asking their doubts on any topic. This brings an ease in learning while sitting on the comfort zone of our place .
 
But as we know there are two phases of a coin. While online classes brought resilience we can not deny the fact being studying in an environment , where we actually feel like learning something incessantly. Being surrounded by our colleagues , listening to them gives everyone a new approach to understand a matter, basically something pragmatic avenues.
As we know
 
  "A plant grows when it gets proper oxygen, sunlight and water in proper habitat ".
 
So is a child, they get their proper education in the environment of school.
 
Perhaps India being a country of mixed economy, a majority of it lacks the basic facilities, so it would be unable for them to attend online classes.
 
So we can conclude that we have to see every aspect of any new change occurring in the world and must have a look on the aftermath as well as its consequences. Technological advancement can lead our nation from developing to developed when every section of society can be taken care of providing them with all the necessary facilities.
 
 
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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

 

INTRODUCTION TO BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

Introduction:-

Blockchain is an emerging technology platform for developing decentralized applications and data storage, over and beyond its role as the technology underlying the cryptocurrencies. The basic theory of this platform is that it allows one to create a distributed and replicated ledger of events, transactions, and data generated through various IT processes with strong cryptographic guarantees of tamper resistance, immutability, and verifiability. Public blockchain platforms allow us to guarantee these properties with overwhelming probabilities even when untrusted users are participants of distributed applications with ability to transact on the platform. Fundamentally there are
Three types of blockchains:- 

    1. public

    2. private and

    3. Hybrid.

In a public blockchain, anyone can connect to the blockchain and with an appropriate computer and software and become a blockchain server node. No permission is needed. In a private blockchain which is typically owned and managed by a company or group of companies, permission is needed to join the private blockchain. The entire concept of blockchain is a combination of a handful of different concepts and techniques i.e. a distributed ledger system, peer-to-peer network, key cryptography, hashing,  etc.

1. Blockchain Technology and Bitcoin Cryptocurrency

Blockchain is simply a data structure where each block is linked to another block. The blocks are linked to each other in a time-stamped chronological order. It is distributed digital ledger of an immutable, public record of digital transactions.

History of Bitcoin:-  Bitcoin was invented in 2008 by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto and started in 2009 when its source code was released as open-source software. Bitcoins are created as a reward for a process known as mining. They can be exchanged for other currencies, products, and services.

The Bitcoin whitepaper, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, was published in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin is a digital payment currency that utilizes cryptocurrency (a digital medium of exchange) and peer-to-peer (P2P) technology to create and manage monetary transactions as opposed to a central authority. The open source Bitcoin P2P network creates the bitcoins and manages all the bitcoin transactions.

  Definition and Characteristics of Blockchain Basics Of Blockchain Every new record is validated across the distributed network before it is stored in a block. All information stored on the ledger is verifiable and auditable. Each block is identified by its cryptographic signature.

Distributed : In this distributed type database is controlled by n number of nodes at the same time.

Anonymous : No identity like pan card, Adhar Card, Voter Id, any physical identity have to be submitted, an  anonymous identity is given by the system which is called address.

Time- stamped : Each block is time stamped in a chronological order, transactions are also time stamped.

Unanimous: The whole distributed network are executing operations unanimously, every one is agree and every one is conscious of what they are doing.

Immutable: The ledger is immutable because everyone is working on same ledger.

Secure: Blockchain is  secure because ledger is immutable.

Programmable: Blockchain is a programmable database.  

CRYPTOGRAPHY :-

1.Symmetric key cryptography :- This type of encryption is an encryption methodology that uses a single key to encrypt (encode) and decrypt (decode) cryptography data. It is the oldest and most well-known technique for encryption. The secret key can be a word, a number, or a string of letters, and it's applied to a message.

2.Asymmetric key cryptography :- In such type of cryptographic arrangement, every node has two keys; Private key and Public key. The private key is known only to the node owner whereas the public key is known to all the nodes in the network. The combination of a private key and a public key makes a unique digital signature for every node. This makes the node authentic to carry out transactions and verifications.

Blockchain as a secure record keeping system:-

Blockchain are the way of ordering and verifying transaction in a verified ledger. In the block chain thousands of computers in a distributed network use cryptographic techniques to create a permanent, public record of every single transaction that has occurred science creation of ledger.

Different Features of Blockchain:- Blockchain are Recorded Transactions, Decentralized, Validity by many, Requires Consensus, Transparent and  Unable to Hack.

Features of Blockchain Based Solutions are :

  • Complexity reduction,
  • Shared trusted transaction,
  • Error reduction,
  • Auditable,
  • Straight-through-processing, and
  • Secure.

Benefits of Blockchain Based Solutions are:

  • Transaction time changes from days to near instantaneous,
  • Overheads and cost intermediated reduction,
  • Reduces the risk of tampering, and
  • Reduces fraud and cyber crime.

Types of Bitcoin Wallet

Web Wallets :- These are websites or even online exchange that allows storage examples are Blockchain.info, Greenaddress, Coinbase, Coinbase Value Storage.

Mobile Wallets:- A smartphone wallets is easy to scane QR codes to make quick payments example: Breadwallet, Mycelium, AirBitz, GreenBits.

Desktop Wallets:- These are apps installed in desktop computer or laptap. Examples are Electrum, Multibit, Armory.

Hardware Wallets:- A piece of hardware is used to store the private key to our bitcoins. Examples are Coindesk, Bitadress.

Multi-Signature Wallets:- These wallets require multiple private key signatures to make a transactions. Examples are CarbonWallet, Coinbase, Blocktrail, Coinkite.

2. Ehereum And SmartContracts

Ethereum: Ethereum was conceptualized by Vitalik Buterin in November 2013, it is a distributed public Blockchain network. The key idea proposed was the development of a Turing-complete language that allows the development of smart contracts for blockchain and decentralized applications.

Ethereum aims to enable innovations in four key areas: Currency issuance, Decentralized Autonomous  Organizations (DAO), Smart Contracts, Smart Property.

Smart Contract: A smart contract is computerized transaction protocol that executes the terms of a contract. When running on the blockchain a smart contract becomes like a self-operating computer program that automatically executes when specific conditions are met.

Comparison Between Bitcoin & Ethereum


Feature

Bitcoin

Ethereum

Concept

Digityal Money

World Computer

Founder

Satoshi Nakamoto (unknown)

Vitalik Buterin and team

Scripting Language

Turing incomplete

Turing Compleate

Release Date

Jan 2009

July 2015

Coin Release Method

Early mining

Through ICO

Average block time

~10 minuites

~ 12-15 seconds


Hyperledger :-


Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments. It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Caliper and libraries like Hyperledger Ursa.


Solidity Solidity is an object-oriented, high-level language for implementing smart contracts. Smart contracts are programs which govern the behaviour of accounts within the Ethereum state. Solidity was influenced by C++, Python and JavaScript and is designed to target the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Solidity is statically typed, supports inheritance, libraries and complex user-defined types among other features. With Solidity we can create contracts for uses such as voting, crowdfunding, blind auctions, and multi-signature wallets.


Hashgraph A hashgraph is a patented algorithm that promises the benefits of the blockchain (decentralization, distribution, and security through the use of hashing) without the drawback of low transaction speed. It was created by Leemon Baird and is the intellectual property of the Swirlds Corporation, which Baird founded. While Bitcoin allows for approximately 5 transactions per second and Ethereum allows for approximately 15 transactions per second, a hashgraph can process thousands of transactions per second.

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Digital Marketing

A way to represent your concept, thought, product, services and many more with the help of electronic devices used for communication. It is a complicated , complex, dynamic, changing, interconnected  technology with so many parameters and theories. Web designing, Social platforms,  and communication systems are managed with the help of digital devices, which is the latest tools in business part called Marketing. Digital marketing is the component of marketing that utilizes internet and online based digital technologies such as desktop computers, mobile phones and other digital media and platforms to promote products and services
Digital marketing has become one of the most commonly used phrases these days. Although it’s easily used in a sentence, quite often it is not defined accurately. For some, it’s a synonym for “Internet Marketing” while others describe it as marketing using electronic devices. Here’s how You can get started in Digital Marketing. Most common topics in Digital Marketing includes:
  • Website -- Mobile Friendly
  • Blogs
  • SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
  • Google Ads (Pay per click)
  • Social Media Marketing
  • Content Marketing
  • Email Marketing
  • Creatives for Social Media
  • Google Analytics
  • AI
  • Voice Search Optimization
  • App Store Optimization
So let’s understand what exactly is Digital Marketing? Just a decade ago, if a business wanted to reach out to target customers they would promote using traditional marketing mediums such as TV, radio, print. Simply because that’s where the potential customers’ used to spend their time. However, as humans evolved our technology advanced giving rise to a digital revolution. To simply state, people started spending more time on online platforms such as Google, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, etc to stay acquainted with news, entertainment, and commerce. Hence, today our lives run on a click.
But does that mean TV, print, radio don’t work any more? No, not at all! We cannot say that traditional marketing efforts do not have any impact. Rather, it goes hand in hand with digital marketing and the distribution has evened out.
Digital has become a part of our existence. From shopping apparel to groceries, furniture & getting laundry delivered everything is online. With this new shift, marketers did not waste anytime and quickly adapted to use social media & other digital tools to push & pull the consumer which gave birth to Digital marketing. But how to achieve your business or individual objectives using Digital/Internet channels? No matter the size of your business, digital marketing is the most effective way to grow and achieve your goals which could vary from any of the following:
  • Increase revenue
  • Build brand awareness
  • Market your product or service
  • Decrease cost
  • Improve efficiency
  • Increase productivity
  • High return on investment
  • Identify loyal customers
Apart from these business objectives, digital channels can be used effectively for:
  • Educating & engaging with potential users
  • Increase website traffic
  • Providing valuable information
  • Building trust
  • Customer reviews
  • Grow online community